Today, in modern apartments, whether new buildings or an old fund, an intercom is installed on the entire entrance, which also performs the functions of doorbells, with the help of which the tenant finds out that guests have come to him. However, many residents still use doorbells. There is a wide variety of types of such devices, they differ both in functionality (the ability to select ringtones, video calls and more), and by the method of their connection. This article will discuss the principles of operation of this device and the connection diagram, methods of repair and installation of a new call.
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How does the bell work in the apartment
There are two big types of electric bells: wireless and wired.In the case of a wireless device, everything is quite simple - the power is supplied using rechargeable batteries (in the call itself and the activation button), and the signal is turned on using a button that sends a radio signal to the main unit.
With wired calls, the situation is more complicated, due to the presence of wires and their correct switching. The main type of such warning devices is connected to a 220 V network. The principle of operation of such a device is simple and similar to how a light switch-lamp works. When the button is pressed, the contacts close and power is supplied to the warning device and it starts to function: in electromechanical devices, the armature is attracted to the core and a special hammer hitting the metal cup creates a sound, in electronic devices, the speaker starts playing the specified melody.
Do-it-yourself doorbell installation
For an experienced installer or a person who understands at least a little about electrical installations, installing a doorbell will be a simple matter. In general, here you need to know on what principle the usual light switch. The only difference is that instead of the keyboard switch button is used.
To install a doorbell, first you need to choose a place outside the door where it will be installed, or use the already existing place of the old bell and its conductors. After choosing a place, the connection process itself is carried out:
- For a newly installed bell: a hole is made in the wall for laying a cable to the electrical panel, a cable is laid (in strobe or cable channel) from the main device to the activation button and to the electrical panel in the apartment or junction box, and is connected according to the diagram below.
- To install a new device in an old place, everything is much simpler: the old device and the button are dismantled, the new power button is connected to wires from the old one outside the door. Next, the main warning device is dismantled and a new one is installed in its place. Make sure that the new device has the same voltage rating as the old one.
Important! All work must be done with the power off! Observe the rules for electrical safety during electrical work!
How to disable and disassemble an old doorbell
Most often, a new electric bell is installed in place of the old one. To do this, you need to dismantle the installed device. There is nothing difficult in this either. First, turn off the power. It is best to turn off the power in the entire apartment, if you do not know exactly which machine is powered by the doorbell. After the power is removed from the bell, the old warning device in the apartment is dismantled, disconnecting both conductors from it (zero and phase), as well as disassemble and remove the doorbell button. In their place, a new bell of a similar type (in terms of voltage) is installed or, in the absence of one, and also if you wish to be left without a doorbell, the bare wires are carefully insulated.
Call connection diagram
The wiring diagram for a 220 V wired bell is as follows (in most cases, old electric bells from the developer are connected in the same way):
To junction box from electrical panel an electric cable is laid with three conductors (zero, phase and ground). A three-core cable is laid to the same junction box from the installation site of the main bell unit. Further from the installation site of the doorbell button, a two-wire cable is pulled to the box.
After laying all the cables, the conductors are connected. The ground conductor and zero from the electrical panel are connected to similar terminals from the main bell unit. The phase from the power supply is connected to one conductor from the button, and the phase to the main unit is connected to another conductor from the same button.
Be sure to carefully insulate exposed wires in the junction box with electrical tape, heat shrink tubing, or special PPE caps.
Checking the work and the reasons why the bell in the apartment may not work
It's hard to make a mistake when connecting an electric doorbell, but it does happen. It also happens that when the connection is correctly made, the bell does not work (this may be due to a defective product or lack of power). To check the operability of the device and identify the reasons why the call may not work, it is necessary to perform diagnostics, consisting of the following steps:
- Turn on the power and check if the call is working.
- With the power on, use a tester to check the presence of voltage on the main unit and on the bell button.
- With the power off, use a dialer or multimeter to ring each conductor and determine the integrity of the circuit.
- If everything is in order with the conductors, check for a good contact in the call button.
- If after ringing the conductors and checking electrical scheme connection, the malfunction persists, which means there is a manufacturing defect: return the call to the store and purchase a new device.
In the case of a wireless device, the cause of the malfunction may be incorrect battery installation, as well as non-compliance with the instructions for the communication range of the main unit and button. Check that the pros and cons of the battery and socket match, and also check the installation range.
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